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Page No. : 15-29

ABSTRACT

Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases that are naturally transmitted from animals to humans and vice-versa which represent a significant global health threat, and responsible for millions of human cases and deaths annually. Climate change, human encroachment on wildlife habitats, and globalization are contributing to the emergence of new zoonotic diseases and altering patterns of disease transmission. The diagnosis of zoonotic infections faces several challenges, ranging from technical limitations to economic and infrastructural barriers. As pathogens mutate and adapt, they present challenges for early detection, containment, and effective treatment. In the past few decades, advances in diagnostic technologies have significantly improved our ability to detect and manage these diseases. These innovations span molecular diagnostics, serological assays, point-of-care (POC) devices, integration of multi-omics approaches, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in diagnostics, global collaboration and data sharing, integrated surveillance systems and one health approach which together offer new possibilities in zoonotic disease surveillance and control. This review highlights the recent advancements in zoonotic disease diagnostics, emphasizing their applications, challenges, and potential for global health improvement.

Keywords: Zoonotic diseases, diagnostic tests