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Page No. : 22-31

ABSTRACT

Salmonellosis is an infectious bacterial disease of humans and animals caused by organisms of the two species of Salmonella (Salmonella enterica and S. bongori). However, primarily intestinal bacteria, salmonellae are widespread in the environment and commonly found in farm effluents, human sewage, and any material subject to fecal contamination. Salmonella organisms are etiological agents of diarrheal and systemic infections in humans, most commonly as secondary contaminants of food originating from animals and the environment, usually as a consequence of subclinical infection in food animals leading to contamination of meat, eggs, and milk or secondary contamination of fruits and vegetables that have been fertilized or irrigated by fecal wastes. Salmonella passes through M-cells overlying Peyer s patches or through the epithelial lining of the lower part of the small intestine or proximal colon to arrive in the subepithelial location, which is also transported to extraintestinal sites such as the liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes. Bovine salmonellosis is caused by S. Typhimurium and S. Dublin. The disease in cattle is characterized by septicemia, acute or chronic enteritis or abortion. Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica develops a resistance to multiple antibiotics, which increases the failure of treatment and severity of infection. Basic hygiene and science-based management effectively reduce animal contact risks. However, public awareness of specific disease risks is limited, and high-risk behaviors are common. Vaccinating cattle with Bovilis® S and Entervene- D (targeting S. Dublin and S. Typhimurium) and Vaxxon SRP Salmonella (targeting S. Newport) can help control the disease, highlighting the need for a One Health approach to salmonellosis prevention in humans and animals.

Keywords: Cattle, human, prevention, public health, salmonellosis, zoonosis